The government has approved only one religious group in the last 16 years and none since 2010. A favorite remedy used by traditional medicine men is to rub medicinal powders into a cut made over the affected area of the body. Generally, there were three effects: the importance of lineage is reduced; the emphasis on male dominance increases; and polygyny is limited to four wives. The government must approve religious groups or institutions as a prerequisite for lawful operation. script.setAttribute("onerror", "setNptTechAdblockerCookie(true);"); Muslims are found mostly in the north, but Muslim communities have formed in southern cities. the neighborhood. He is aided in his religious The Baptist, Jehovah's Witness, and Adventist churches are active in the Bamiléké area, but to a lesser degree. ), to cause good or bad fortune for their descendants. Bamiléké believed in the power of ancestors, through the The Baptist, Jehovah's Of Christians, approximately 38 percent are Roman Catholic, 26 percent Protestant, 4 percent other Christian denominations, including Jehovah�s Witnesses, and less than 1 percent Orthodox Christian. They eventually fled to Cameroon while fleeing from Islamic conversion. Cameroon has distinct regional cultural, religious, and political traditions as well as ethnic variety. Prior to missionization, Bamiléké believed in a creator Calvinist origin), varies by locale. Large cities have significant populations of both groups. Although some celebrations ( Burial generally occurs within twenty-four hours, [2], As of 2010, there were about 50,000 adherents of the Baháʼí Faith in the country. items. Cameroon’s ethnic community are known to coexist in peace, and no particular group holds any political influence over … Official authorization confers no general tax benefits but allows religious groups to receive real estate as a tax-free gift for the conduct of their activities and to gather publicly and worship. female child. illness, infertility, and even death. Diviners and This music has been incorporated into the repertoires of some They have ancient writings that contain portions of the Torah (1st five books of the Old Testament), and they speak of escaping to Africa after the Assyrian captivity. He fully becomes king only after he has sired at least one male and one All duties by the healers combine divination with herbal medicine. The dominance of two major denominations, Catholic [5] There is a tiny population of Jews in Cameroon who have established ties with the wider global Jewish community. People with physical ailments frequently alternate between traditional and modern doctors. #ga-ad {display: none;} of raffia-palm fibers, are common and beautifully executed household Afrik.com quotes a representative of the justice minister, who stated that there may be 10 to 20 witchcraft trials per month in some regions (26 Aug. 2004). While there are no accurate estimates of total numbers killed and kidnapped, according to the Ministry of Defense, Boko Haram killed hundreds of police, military, and gendarmes. Although whistles. spirit mediums, and religious specialists had higher status than Muslims often carry verses of the Koran written on a piece of paper inside a small leather bag; the selling of such amulets provides Koranic teachers and healers with an important source of income. Cameroonians often have recourse to traditional methods of diagnosis and treatment. The two Anglophone regions are largely Protestant, and the five southern Francophone regions are mostly Catholic. It was reported on July 17, 2015, that Cameroon’s Far North Region instituted a ban on July 15 against women wearing burkas (a covering for the face and the whole body) and veils that cover the face. Cameroon - Religion. Many Muslims, Christians, and members of other faiths also adhere to some aspects of animist beliefs. This relation is now reversing, along with a trend toward United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (2010) and Wayi E. Mico (2016). during a one-week period of public mourning (French: Marriage payments are small and are given directly to the bride. }, Page last modified: Witness, and Adventist churches are active in the Bamiléké The Constitution provides for freedom of religion in Cameroon, and the government generally respects this right in practice. This is a very educative article. Religious intolerance is a growing but seriously underestimated risk in Cameroon, both between and inside the major faiths. Arts. The greatest impetus for change among the Pahouin peoples was provided by the Christian missions and the modern education they offered. to a divine being, the embodiment of the office of kingship. [2], CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cm.html, July-December, 2010 International Religious Freedom Report : Cameroon, "The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity", "QuickLists: Most Baha'i (sic) Nations (2010)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Cameroon&oldid=984833294, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 October 2020, at 11:18. and send the cloth back north to be dyed in indigo vats. The two Anglophone provinces of the western region are largely Protestant, and the Francophone provinces of the southern and western regions are largely Catholic and Evangelicals. Research deceased Cameroonian actor Yaphet Kotto. Many people wear amulets or charms as a precautionary measure. The Government distinguishes between witchcraft and indigenous religious practice, and there were said to be no cases of witchcraft trials that impinged upon indigenous religious belief. A person convicted of witchcraft may face a prison term of 2 to 10 years and a fine of 5,000 to 100,000 CFA francs [between US$10 and US$250], and the decision is left to the judge's discretion, [translation] "which, without evidence, is often based on the statements made in court, which, of course, can lead to many errors". var setNptTechAdblockerCookie = function(adblocker) { centers of tourist art exist, these are most developed in neighboring Baskets, mats, and bags, woven document.cookie = "__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/"; A ritual—complete with the symbolism of birth A social analysis of the Religious situation in Cameroon. Matrilineal Religion and politics are not easily distinguished. ) are public diplays of wealth, of the value of the deceased, and of the Boko Haram carried out increasingly violent and frequent attacks against civilians, government officials, and military forces, and threatened populations in the Far North Region. Although the law prescribes no specific penalties for operating without official recognition, the government may suspend the activities of unregistered groups. MINATD reviews the file and sends it to the presidency with a recommendation to approve or deny. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.The Christian population is divided between Roman Catholics (32.4 percent of the total population), Protestants (30.3 percent), and other Christian denominations (including Jehovah's Witnesses) 6 percent). The constitution establishes the secular nature of the state and its neutrality with respect to all religions, prohibits religious harassment, and provides for freedom of religion and worship. Medicine. In practice unauthorized religious groups may gather publicly and worship under a policy of �administrative tolerance� as long as public security and peace are not disturbed. Drinking the water that has been poured over Koranic verses written on a prayer board is also believed to have curative powers. Protestants are more numerous in the west, and Roman Catholics predominate in the east. var script = document.createElement("script"); Cameroon Religion, Economy and Politics. The insurgents burned down places of worship. Widows can The government took no action to adjudicate applications for legal status by a number of religious groups whose applications had been pending for years. and stools (often ornamented with beads and cowries), and carved house document.cookie = "__adblocker=" + (adblocker ? Authorization may then be granted by presidential decree. The government does not require indigenous religious groups to register, characterizing the practice of traditional religion as a private concern observed by members of a particular ethnic or kinship group or the residents of a particular locality. area, but to a lesser degree. I am so elated to read your wonderful work. Pidgin: ) for nine weeks. Egyptian captivity, Assyrian captivity, Babylonian captivity, Persian captivity, Greek captivity, Roman captivity, American captivity! funerailles The judge relies largely on testimonies (ibid.). See also. prepuberty seclusion for girls (both termed nja), burial, and death more individual and fee-for-service treatment. I have learnt a lot from it. [2] The vast majority of the Muslims are Sunni belonging to Maliki school of jurisprudence, with approximately 12% Ahmadiyya and 3% Shia. Therefore, it is easier for a Muslim to set up his own household than for a non-Muslim, who must make large payments to the bride's family. (function(src){var a=document.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";a.async=true;a.src=src;var b=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b)})("//experience.tinypass.com/xbuilder/experience/load?aid=bYdYZQml5V"); The US government estimates the total population at 23.7 million (July 2015 estimate). Lineage heads, as custodians of posts. Christian churches and Muslim centers of various denominations operate freely throughout Cameroon while the traditionalists operate in their shrines and temples which are also becoming popular today. Marriage becomes a civil contract between two persons and not, as hitherto, between two families. It opened up vistas of transformation and progress. Thank you very much for this amazing informative article, now I understand better the rituals I have witnessed. Religious Beliefs. Christianity, Islam and Traditional faiths are the three main religions in Cameroon. These Bamiléké secret societies utilizes drums, balofons, and Ceremonies. Freedom of religion in Cameroon; Islam in Cameroon; Roman Catholicism in Cameroon ; Bahá'í Faith in Cameroon; Judaism in Cameroon; Zamba (god) References. Three other groups are ). healing. has completed the transition to ancestorhood. herbalists, diviners, spirit mediums, and religious specialists. The president may dissolve any previously authorized religious organization that �deviates from its initial focus.� The Ministry of Basic Education and the Ministry of Secondary Education require private religious schools to comply with the same curriculum, infrastructure, and teacher-training standards as state-operated schools. Christian churches. The Bamileke people of Cameroon trace their origins from Mizraim (Egypt), and before that, Israel. The judge is ultimately responsible for making the distinction between [translation] "true" and [translation] "false" witches (ibid.). [2] In the northern provinces, the locally dominant Fulani (Fula: Fulɓe; French: Peul or Peuhl) ethnic group is majorily Muslim. traditional practitioners (see "Religious Practitioners"). Cameroon is an ethnically diverse country with about 250 groups. Horns of an antelope are often used as sucking cups to extract splinters or other foreign bodies from the patient. Close relatives of the deceased shave their heads and don blue or Contemporary [4] By 2001 the Baháʼí National Spiritual Assembly was registered with the Government of Cameroon as one of the few non-Christian foreign religions. new heir. Additionally, throughout history the most powerful kingdoms of the world had one thing in common. Estimates of the total numbers of civilians killed vary, but number in the thousands. Royal rituals enact the transformation of a new king from a mere mortal la' kwa Death may be attributed to natural causes, but in most cases To halt the spread of violent extremism in the country, Cameroon needs to bring all sects into a new social compact and within the bounds of a charter for religious tolerance. bandansi ancestral skulls, control access to propitiary rites. [2] The country is generally characterized by a high degree of religious tolerance. in the north of Cameroon, sew a pattern of raffia fibers as a resist, ancestresses were believed to be especially prone to anger. public hospitals and clinics as well as from their rich array of Bamiléké I may simply add that the Bmaileke are not happy with the name given them by their ennemies.they are Pala' or country people. metonym of the ancestral skull ( 26-09-2016 19:07:20 ZULU. They are the biblical blood-line descendants of the northern tribes of Israel. queens in a special temporary structure ( Modern education promoted a rational outlook by attempting to explain natural phenomena. some Bamiléké kingdoms as part of the search for cause. black clothes of mourning. herbalists. Immediately following death, female kin wail, announcing the death to tu According to MINATD, incomplete application submissions and lengthy background investigations contributed to approval delays. "true" : "false") + "; expires=" + d.toUTCString() + "; path=/"; Bamiléké artisans import cotton cloth woven David Cameron has declared himself an "evangelical" about his Christian faith as he criticised some non-believers for failing to grasp the role that religion … These ailments are treated with one or two herbs cultivated in the practitioner's garden. health and well-being of his subjects. To date, these incidents have not resulted in any fatalities. witches) and animals (representing such qualities as royalty, wisdom, or Religious affiliation within Cameroon boasts a whopping 70% Christian belief base. Mounyol Mboussi, author of the book Sorcellerie en justice au Cameroun, explained that Cameroonian legislation does not define [translation] "witchcraft" clearly enough, which complicates the judges' task. Death and Afterlife. The division of the country into British- and French-ruled League of Nations mandates after World War I created Anglophone and Francophone regions. this celebration the heir or heiress will exhume and care for ancestral The attacks against civilians were indiscriminate and included killings and kidnappings of Muslims and Christians. An article in the Cameroon Tribune reports that Mounyol Mboussi, [translation] "president of the court of first instance of Vina in Ngaoundere," supports an overhaul of Cameroonian legislation dealing with witchcraft, which [translation] "does not exist from a legal standpoint". These ethnic groups mainly fall under the Bantu, Semitic, and Nilotic language groups. Many ailments are attributed to witchcraft or malevolent spirits and must be dealt with by magical acts and sacrifices. spirit mediums are active in determining the need for ceremonies and in Herbalists put vegetable poultices on abrasions and wounds. Although by law groups must register, the government continued to allow numerous unregistered small religious groups to operate freely under the government�s policy of �administrative tolerance.� While 47 religious groups were legally registered, hundreds more operated without official government authorization. The ban comes in the aftermath of two suicide bombings, said to have been instigated by Boko Haram, an Islamic militant group based in Nigeria, carried out by women who smuggled the explosives under their veils. Music played by Many Before the introduction of Christianity traditional religion had been tied to a narrow world of kinship and village and to the concept of an unchanging universe dominated by forces that could at best be appeased but not mastered. cry-die Witchcraft is widespread in Cameroon, although it is considered an offense under section 251 of the Cameroonian penal code. That office forwards the documents to the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization (MINATD). In the western highlands hundreds of different herbal medicines are said to be in use. The US government estimates the total population at 23.7 million (July 2015 estimate). Bamiléké traditional medical practitioners include The more enterprising non-Muslims perceive conversion as a means of upward social mobility, especially those whose own social structures had been weakened or destroyed. The Some of the groups are interrelated while others have been assimilated into other groups through years of interaction. The ceremony is performed before witnesses in the presence of a mallam, who is able to read and write classical Arabic and has some knowledge of Muslim laws. skulls in clay pots or in small houselike tombs. The Bamoun ethnic group of the West Province is largely Muslim. Religious strife in Cameroon is not a new phenomenon. celebrations are performed (see "Ceremonies"). A community of approximately 50 people practice some form of Judaism in the country today [1].Hinduism is the faith practiced by some South Asian migrants. @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { Death Clashes between Muslims and Christians occurred in June 1991 in the commercial capital, Yaounde; as well as in Adamaoua province in 1993, and in Beroua, capital of East province, in 2001. person, why now, and who did it? their new duties. They mark the end of a period of mourning, when the deceased resume sexual relations following the death celebration. At least 14 people were said to have been killed as a result of the two attacks. They all harbored the Israelites as slaves. Thank you so much. The Constitution provides for freedom of religion in Cameroon, and the government generally respects this right in practice. According to the 2005 census, the most recent available, 69 percent of the population was Christian, 21 percent Muslim, 6 percent animist, and less than 5 percent Jews and Bahais. It also permits missionaries to receive visas with longer validity. Unlike public schools, private schools may offer religious education. There are growing numbers of Christian revivalist churches. Bamiléké use divination to answer the questions why this Approximately one year later, lavish death Presbyterians from the United States first came to Pahouin country in 1875, settling among the Boulou. In the three northern Francophone regions, the dominant Fulani (or Peuhl) ethnic group is predominantly Muslim, but in general the population in this area is fairly evenly divided among Muslims, Christians, and followers of indigenous religions. celebrations performed approximately one year after death. deuil; d.setTime(d.getTime() + 60 * 60 * 24 * 2 * 1000); fertility), as well as geometric designs. Varying forms of witchcraft figure Two other provisions of the penal code [translation] "state that witchcraft may be an aggravating factor for dishonest acts". I will surely use your facts to better dig into this topic i have been contemplating for quite some time. MINATD may issue an order to suspend any religious group for �disturbing public order,� which is not defined in the law. Motifs include human figures (ancestors and, occasionally, Life-cycle ceremonies include burying the placenta and umbilical cord script.setAttribute("async", true); Bamoun and in the western Grassfields. The Roman Catholics arrived some- what later and settled farther inland; they concentrated earlier than other denominations on educating an African clergy. (the men of the house of god), a secret society. features (streams, groves of trees, rocks) and personal spirits. In the past, diviners, The practice of witchcraft, defined as any act of magic or divination liable to harm another person or property, is a criminal offense under the national penal code. The law on freedom of association governs relations between the government and religious groups. Bamiléké seek medical assistance from both private and God, Nsi. ka, believe that improper care of ancestral skulls leads to ancestral wrath, distinctive. [3] Christians and Muslims are found in every region, although Christians are chiefly in the southern and western provinces. var d = new Date(); With good depth, high permeability, and stable structure, these soils are less prone to erosion. To become an authorized entity, a religious group must legally qualify as a religious congregation, defined as �any group of natural persons or corporate bodies whose vocation is divine worship� or �any group of persons living in community in accordance with a religious doctrine.� The religious group must submit a request for authorization as a religious group, including the group�s charter describing planned activities, the names and functions of the group�s officials, and a declaration of commitment to comply with the law on freedom of association, to the relevant divisional (local level) office. but to good or bad ends. script.setAttribute("src", "//www.npttech.com/advertising.js"); Religious Practitioners. Bamiléké king is considered divine and responsible for the } also important in religious practice. Healers and witches use the same supernatural power, Medicine men are usually known as specialists for a specific ailment, such as stomach aches, headaches, or barrenness in women. The soils of Cameroon may be roughly divided into three groups. In modern times most Pahouin are at least nominally Christian, even though certain features of traditional beliefs, such as in witchcraft and spirits, survive. document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script); by the mother's kitchen at birth, circumcision for boys and contemporary Cameroonian pop musicians. Often, the [translation] "witch" is already considered guilty by the community or village from where the charges stem (ibid.). The Bamoun ethnic group of the West Region is predominantly Muslim. [2] Traditional indigenous religious beliefs are practiced in rural areas throughout the country but rarely are practiced publicly in cities, in part because many indigenous religious groups are intrinsically local in character. prominently in causes of death, and public autopsies are performed in Bamiléké are famous for their wooden sculpture, masks, During this time they are fed medicines and taught Some groups believed in local deities relating to natural A large portion of Cameroonians were taken to the four corners of the earth through the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. The dominance of two major denominations, Catholic and the Église Evangélique du Cameroun (of French Calvinist origin), varies by locale. these beliefs persist, many Bamiléké are now members of Some people are charged with witchcraft out of vengeance or by [translation] "slander" (Afrik.com 26 Aug. 2004).
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