Most communities south of the Senegal River Valley, however, were not thoroughly Islamized. [75] The second most populous city is Touba, a de jure communaute rurale (rural community), with half a million. [46] The northern border is formed by the Senegal River; other rivers include the Gambia and Casamance Rivers. (deployads = window.deployads || []).push({}). [53], Agriculture is one of the dominant parts of Senegal's economy. Senegal also shares a maritime border with Cape Verde. [citation needed] In addition, 21% of the population is partially fluent in the French language. [84] The first Bahá'is to set foot in the territory of French West Africa that would become Senegal arrived in 1953. Senegal is bordered by Mauritania in the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast, and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. In 1677, France gained control of what had become a minor departure point in the Atlantic slave trade: the island of Gorée next to modern Dakar, used as a base to purchase slaves from the warring chiefdoms on the mainland. Le Sénégal est une combinaison unique de beau temps, de culture, de patrimoine architectural, d’attractions naturelles. [42] The mission of OFNAC is to fight corruption, embezzlement of public funds and fraud. Peppered with the relics of ancient Serer prehistory, the hinterlands on the edge of the town are home to curious carved megaliths and totems dating as far back as the 9th century. [86] In 1975 the Bahá'í community elected the first National Spiritual Assembly of Senegal. Senegal enjoys mostly cordial relations with its neighbors. Serer religion encompasses a belief in a supreme deity called Roog (Koox among the Cangin), Serer cosmogony, cosmology and divination ceremonies such as the annual Xooy (or Khoy) ceremony precided over by the Serer Saltigues (high priests and priestesses). On 4 April 1959 Senegal and the French Sudan merged to form the Mali Federation, which became fully independent on 20 June 1960, as a result of a transfer of power agreement signed with France on 4 April 1960. You’ll find thousands of old tumulus houses between the xeric woods of the old Baol, countless religious shrines, and places holy to the Serer religion. [51], Senegal achieved full Internet connectivity in 1996, creating a mini-boom in information technology-based services. There are also some relics of the French colonial age to see, like the muddied face of the grand Chateau de Baron Roger. Senegal's economy is driven by mining, construction, tourism, fishing and agriculture, which are the main sources of employment in rural areas, despite abundant natural resources in iron, zircon, gas, gold, phosphates, and numerous oil discoveries recently. Sabar drumming is especially popular. [36], Senegal is subdivided into 14 regions,[37] each administered by a Conseil Régional (Regional Council) elected by population weight at the Arrondissement level. This movement faced resistance from ethnicities of traditional religions, the Serers in particular. The Senegalese landscape consists mainly of the rolling sandy plains of the western Sahel which rise to foothills in the southeast. Interior temperatures are higher than along the coast (for example, average daily temperatures in Kaolack and Tambacounda for May are 30 °C (86.0 °F) and 32.7 °C (90.9 °F) respectively, compared to Dakar's 23.2 °C (73.8 °F) ),[48] and rainfall increases substantially farther south, exceeding 1,500 mm (59.1 in) annually in some areas. The Boukout is one of the Jola's religious ceremonies. [85] The first Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assembly of Senegal was elected in 1966 in Dakar. Several youth opposition movements, including M23 and Y'en a Marre, emerged in June 2011. Animals like hippos and hyenas all mingle here, while rustic communities continue to tick over. Some kingdoms were created around the 7th century: Takrur in the 9th century, Namandiru [wo] and the Jolof Empire during the 13th and 14th centuries. [21] Various European powers — Portugal, the Netherlands, and Great Britain — competed for trade in the area from the 15th century onward. Green beans, industrial tomato, cherry tomato, melon, and mango are Senegal's main vegetable cash crops. French was ratified as the official language of Senegal in 1960 when the country achieved independence. In 2015, Senegal participated in the Saudi Arabian-led military intervention in Yemen against the Shia Houthis. Senegal nearly surrounds The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country. Confidentialité et utilisation des cookies. Other Islamic groups include the much older Qādiriyya order and the Senegalese Laayeen order, which is prominent among the coastal Lebu. It was only in the 1850s that the French began to expand onto the Senegalese mainland, after they abolished slavery and began promoting an abolitionist doctrine,[24] adding native kingdoms like the Waalo, Cayor, Baol, and Jolof Empire. And while the major sights here are few and far between – the bustling Marche Saint Maur des Fosses, the curious roundabouts of the Place Jean-Paul II – the real draw is the earthy African character of the place. Un secteur dans lequel il dispose d'un potentiel unanimement reconnu, qui en fait une destination privilégiée pour les touristes européens. Over 3,000 Peace Corps Volunteers have served in Senegal since 1963. There are a small number of members of the Bani Israel tribe in the Senegalese bush that claim Jewish ancestry, though this is disputed. They run the gamut from wide bays washed by the rollers of the Atlantic to bustling strips peppered with the faded fishing pirogues of the locals closer to the town. Senegambian (both Senegal and the Gambia) Muslim festivals such as Tobaski, Gamo, Koriteh, Weri Kor, etc., are all borrowed words from the Serer religion. Agriculture occupies about 75 percent of the workforce. In January 2014, a Russian trawler, Oleg Naydenov, was seized by Senegalese authorities close to the maritime border with Guinea-Bissau. Still, the similarities do end eventually, especially as you dip into the salt-washed fishing hamlets of Guet N’Dar, or begin wonder at the craggy cliffs and exotic creatures of the Barbarie Peninsula. [27] Senegalese resistance to the French expansion and curtailing of their lucrative slave trade was led in part by Lat-Dior, Damel of Cayor, and Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof, the Maad a Sinig of Siné, resulting in the Battle of Logandème. Tourisme solidaire dans les villages traditionnels. And the cherry on the top? Most recently, in 2000, Senegal sent a battalion to the Democratic Republic of Congo to participate in MONUC, the United Nations peacekeeping mission, and agreed to deploy a United States-trained battalion to Sierra Leone to participate in UNAMSIL, another UN peacekeeping mission. Curiously-named Richard Toll, a town just a stone’s throw from the border with Mauritania in the extreme north of the country, still finds a way to honor its one-time park planner, the botanist Jean Michel Claude Richard. All rights reserved. Le Sénégal veut faire du tourisme un levier important pour son développement économique et social. Senegal experienced its second peaceful transition of power, and its first from one political party to another. 150th in the list of most emitting countries. The last race was held in 2007, before the 2008 rally was canceled a day before the event due to security concerns in Mauritania. A la pointe occidentale de l’ Afrique, le Sénégal dont l’ensoleillement est supérieur à 300 jours par an présente entre autres avantages pour le touriste un faible décalage … Desserts are very rich and sweet, combining native ingredients with the extravagance and style characteristic of the French impact on Senegal's culinary methods. Senghor moved to France, where he died at the age of 95. Sénégal : Consultez sur Tripadvisor 56 593 avis de voyageurs et trouvez des conseils sur les endroits où sortir, manger et dormir à Sénégal, Afrique. In the 1980s, Boubacar Lam discovered Senegalese oral history that was initially compiled by the Tuculor noble, Yoro Dyâo, not long after World War I, which documented migrations into West Africa from the Nile Valley; ethnic groups, from the Senegal River to the Niger Delta, retained traditions of having an eastern origin. Regional capitals have the same name as their respective regions: Senegal has a high profile in many international organizations and was a member of the UN Security Council in 1988–89 and 2015–2016. Impacts of climate change and other environmental concerns are expected to greatly impact the economy and population. The sabar is mostly used in special celebrations like weddings. Germany also provides support but on a smaller scale. "Senegal" probably derives from a Portuguese transliteration of the name of the Zenaga, also known as the Sanhaja,[13] or else a combination of the supreme deity in Serer religion (Rog Sene) and o gal meaning body of water in the Serer language. On 22 February 2011, Senegal reportedly severed diplomatic ties with Iran, saying it supplied rebels with weapons which killed Senegalese troops in the Casamance conflict.[34]. Senegal's economic and political capital is Dakar. However, climate change has led to a consistent decline in rainfall and projected increase in temperatures. According to Business Anti-Corruption Portal, President Sall created the OFNAC to replace the Commission Nationale de Lutte Contre la non Transparence, la Corruption et la Concussion (CNLCC). The area also boasts the rugged rock walls of the Cap de Naz, jutting out into the Atlantic, and a particularly famous lagoon, where nesting birds of all shapes and sizes draw crowds of spotters throughout the year. As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with a unified external tariff. English is widely used by the scientific community and in business, including by the Modou-Modou (illiterate, self-taught businessmen). In the mid-15th century, the Portuguese landed on the Senegal coastline, followed by traders representing other countries, including the French. [69], According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Senegal has a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately 23,800 in 2007. Perched on the tip of a peninsula, Dakar, the capital, is a dizzying, street-hustler-rich introduction to the country: elegance meets chaos, snarling traffic, vibrant markets and glittering nightlife, while nearby Île de Gorée and the beaches of Yoff and N'Gor tap to slow, lazy beats. The country has traditionally been one of Africa's dominant basketball powers. (See also the Bedick ethnic group. Senegal (/ˌsɛnɪˈɡɔːl, -ˈɡɑːl/ (listen);[9][10] French: Sénégal; Wolof: Senegaal), officially the Republic of Senegal (French: République du Sénégal; Wolof: Réewum Senegaal), is a country in West Africa. Hospitality, in theory, is given such importance in Senegalese culture that it is widely considered to be part of the national identity. The country is further subdivided by 45 Départements, 113 Arrondissements (neither of which have administrative function) and by Collectivités Locales, which elect administrative officers.[38]. Explore Senegal holidays and discover the best time and places to visit. It was elected to the UN Commission on Human Rights in 1997. The men's team performed better than that of any other African nation at the 2014 FIBA World Cup, where they reached the playoffs for the first time. In the presidential election of 1999, opposition leader Abdoulaye Wade defeated Diouf in an election deemed free and fair by international observers. Perched on the tip of a peninsula, Dakar, the capital, is a dizzying, street-hustler-rich introduction to the country: elegance … [29], Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal Senegambia Confederation on 1 February 1982. The 2012 presidential election was controversial due to President Wade's candidacy, as the opposition argued he should not be considered eligible to run again. The most recent estimate, by the Association of Religion Data Archives in a 2005 report details the population of Senegalese Bahá'ís at 22,000.[87]. On the negative side, Senegal faces deep-seated urban problems of chronic high unemployment, socioeconomic disparity, juvenile delinquency, and drug addiction. Despite increases in production in the 2010s, the economy is frequently hindered by energy shortages compared to demand. [1] Some Serer people follow the Serer religion.[78][79]. The Cape Verde islands lie some 560 kilometres (350 mi) off the Senegalese coast, but Cap-Vert ("Cape Green") is a maritime placemark, set at the foot of "Les Mammelles", a 105-metre (344 ft) cliff resting at one end of the Cap-Vert peninsula onto which is settled Senegal's capital Dakar, and 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) south of the "Pointe des Almadies", the westernmost point in Africa. [89] The fertility rate ranged 5 to 5.3 between 2005 and 2013, with 4.1 in urban areas and 6.3 in rural areas, as official survey (6.4 in 1986 and 5.7 in 1997) point out. ), About 50,000 Europeans (mostly French) and Lebanese[63] as well as smaller numbers of Mauritanians and Moroccans[citation needed] reside in Senegal, mainly in the cities and some retirees who reside in the resort towns around Mbour. Abdou Diouf served four terms as president. In 2002 and 2019, the national team were runners-up at the Africa Cup of Nations and became one of only three African teams to ever reach the quarter-finals of the FIFA World Cup, defeating holders France in their first game. Pro-African, he advocated a brand of African socialism.[28]. Life expectancy at birth was estimated to be 66.8 years in 2016 (64.7 years male, 68.7 years female). Des lieux à voir, des rues à explorer et des expériences emblématiques. Pratiquez le tourisme au Sénégal. [93] The Ministry of Labor has indicated that the public school system is unable to cope with the number of children that must enroll each year.[93]. Senegal is classified as a heavily indebted poor country, with a relatively low Human Development Index. Illiteracy is high, particularly among women. It now sprawls eastwards into the arid dust plains to the east, and bursts out over the dockside jetties in a medley of lively trader ships and fish-scented marketplaces. A la pointe occidentale de l’ Afrique, le Sénégal dont l’ensoleillement est supérieur à 300 jours par an présente entre autres avantages pour le touriste un faible décalage horaire avec l’Europe (1 ou 2 heures selon saison). Local administrators are appointed and held accountable by the president. Votre guide professionnel Joal (The Shell Island) Le Sénégal à l'honneur 8 Jours 7 Nuits (confort plus) Le Sénégal à l'honneur 8 Jours 7 Nuits (confort) faits saillants du sénégal … [54] Moreover, the effects of climate change in Senegal are expected to severely harm the agricultural economy due to extreme weather such as drought, as well increased temperatures. The Serer language is widely spoken by both Serers and non-Serers (including President Sall, whose wife is Serer); so are the Cangin languages, whose speakers are ethnically Serers. Many of the Toucouleurs, or sedentary Halpulaar of the Senegal River Valley in the north, converted to Islam around a millennium ago and later contributed to Islam's propagation throughout Senegal. Sénégal : Que visiter - Retrouvez toute la séléction des sites touristiques incontournables de Sénégal avec Michelin Voyage. Vous visiterez la plage de Kayar où débarquent des pêches miraculeuses, le parc du Niokolo-Koba, où vivent librement lions et éléphants, hippopotames et buffles…”. Aujourd'hui, le premier marché émetteur de touristes au Sénégal … Residents from various ethnic groups present assorted crafts, foods, jewelry, fabrics and wood and metal goods at bustling markets such as Marche Sandaga … De cette alchimie est né un pays universel et authentique dont l’inscription d’un … He was a poet and philosopher who personally drafted the Senegalese national anthem, "Pincez tous vos koras, frappez les balafons". [66] Also located primarily in urban settings are small Vietnamese communities as well as a growing number of Chinese immigrant traders, each numbering perhaps a few hundred people. Senegal has more than 80 political parties. The economy of Senegal gains most of its foreign exchange from fish, phosphates, groundnuts, tourism, and services. The Protestant churches are mainly attended by immigrants but during the second half of the 20th century Protestant churches led by Senegalese leaders from different ethnic groups have evolved. Dakar has seriously outgrown its perch on the Cap-Vert Peninsula. Its attractions start with the vast central square of Medina Baye – look up to see the turquoise-domed tops of the great minarets. [17][18] The empire was founded by Ndiadiane Ndiaye, a part Serer[19][20] and part Toucouleur, who was able to form a coalition with many ethnicities, but collapsed around 1549 with the defeat and killing of Lele Fouli Fak by Amari Ngone Sobel Fall [fr]. No part of this site may be reproduced without our written permission. Basketball is also a popular sport in Senegal. [99] It traditionally serves many young men to escape poverty and it is the only sport recognized as developed independently of Western culture. In Dakar Catholic and Protestant rites are practiced by the Lebanese, Cape Verdean, European, and American immigrant populations, and among certain Africans of other countries as well as by the Senegalese themselves. Donors include the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Japan, France and China. Dakar. [101], Janet H. Gritzner, Charles F. Gritzner – 2009, Senegal – Page 8, Eric S. Ross, Culture and Customs of Senegal, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 2008, 'Russia says factory ship was seized on Greenpeace's orders; Trawler held by Senegal over alleged illegal fishing' by John Vidal The Guardian (UK newspaper) 10 January 2014 page 23, Diouf, Niokhobaye, « Chronique du royaume du Sine, suivie de Notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le, Pincez Tous vos Koras, Frappez les Balafons, Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance, Economic Community of West African States. It has been estimated that the country's fishermen lose 300,000 tonnes of fish each year to illegal fishing. Senegal is mainly a sunny and dry country. Private activity now accounts for 82 percent of its GDP. Wrestling is Senegal's most popular sport[98] and has become a national obsession. Islam was introduced through Toucouleur and Soninke contact with the Almoravid dynasty of the Maghreb, who in turn propagated it with the help of the Almoravids and Toucouleur allies. [83] The Mahayana branch of Buddhism in Senegal is followed by a very tiny portion of the ex-pat Vietnamese community. The Halpulaar (Pulaar-speakers), composed of Fula people, a widespread group found along the Sahel from Chad to Senegal, and Toucouleurs, represent 23.8 percent of the population. The fascinating fishing town of Joal-Fadiouth is one that time forgot. Senegal has a wide variety of ethnic groups and, as in most West African countries, several languages are widely spoken. In Murid communities, which place more emphasis on the work ethic than on literary Quranic studies, the term daara often applies to work groups devoted to working for a religious leader. Places to see, ways to wander, and signature experiences. Or, delve into the heart of the old city of Saint-Louis to discover the French-style colonial builds, whitewashed frontispieces in the plantation style, and shady arcades. The beach is another must, and although swimming can be risky, simply settling on the sands and watching the fishermen and luminescent plankton in the rollers is a real treat! [1] Historically, they were the first to become Muslim. In 1980, President Senghor decided to retire from politics. As of 2012[update], Senegal's rank in the Ibrahim Index has decreased another point to 16 out of 52 African countries. Popular fresh juices are made from bissap, ginger, buy (pronounced 'buoy', which is the fruit of the baobab tree, also known as "monkey bread fruit"), mango, or other fruit or wild trees (most famously soursop, which is called corossol in French).
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