For the West Bank and Gaza ES, size stratification was defined as follows: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (100 or more employees). Israeli police closed the site to all visitors on Saturdays, for the Jewish Sabbath (Shabbat). West Bank and Gaza is a water-scarce lower-middle-income territory with a relatively water-dependent economy and is vulnerable within its geopolitical setting. From 1517 through 1917, the area now known as the West Bank was under Ottoman rule as part of the provinces of Syria. The West Bank and Gaza are subject to a complex set of governing arrangements involving Israel and the Palestinian Authority. The term "Palestinian territories" has been used for many years to describe the territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip. The West Bank is located to the west of the Jordan River. The West Bank and Gaza Partnership for Infrastructure Development Multi Donor Trust Fund (PID MDTF) was established in 2012 to provide financial and technical support for the coverage, quality, and sustainability of Palestinian infrastructure. President Abbas said on Palestinian media on March 24, “We want to achieve our right and our state peacefully…We will not choose a path other than negotiations to achieve our right.” According to Palestinian media, however, based on a translation by the Middle East Media Research Institute, Abbas said on August 10 while visiting a refugee camp, “Jerusalem is ours whether they like it or not…We shall enter Jerusalem – millions of fighters! This funding ceased as of January 31, 2019. In his September UNGA remarks, President Abbas said “We… reaffirm our condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and sources.” However, he concluded, “We salute our honorable martyrs, courageous prisoners, and wounded heroes, and salute their resilient families, whom we will not [abandon].” He also said Israel is “[attempting] to violate the sanctity of the Al-Aqsa Mosque and Church of the Holy Sepulchre,” and to deny worshipers access to the holy sites. A tunnel boring machine, or TBM, which can drill through a range of materials, can be used to overcome such challenges, he said. Raja Shehadeh, op. West Bank and Gaza: Crowded roads are common in the West Bank and Gaza. Under the terms of the Paris Protocol, there are no tariffs on trade between the West Bank and Gaza and Israel (the trade regime with Israel is a “defacto customs union” administered by Israel). PA President Abbas granted legal recognition on October 30 to the Council of Local Evangelical Churches, a coalition of evangelical churches operating in the West Bank and Gaza. Israeli NGOs Emek Sheveh and Yesh Din had filed the case, arguing that the site under the administration of the district council focused on its Jewish heritage and did not give sufficient weight to its Christian and Islamic history. The World Bank functions as the secretariat for the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (AHLC) of donors to the Palestinian Authority (PA). Only 8 percent in the West Bank and 14 percent in Gaza said that the most essential aspect of the sharia was a government that used physical punishments to make sure people obey the law, and 3 percent in the West Bank and 2 percent in Gaza said that government employing sharia should restrict women’s roles in public. Media reported in October that vandals spray painted swastikas and anti-Semitic slogans on the tomb of Joshua Bin-Nun and Kalev Ben Yefune, in the Palestinian village of Kafel Harath (located in Area A), prior to an IDF coordinated visit by Jewish worshippers. The Commission's assistance currently targets 300 000 Palestinians in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. The PA and the PLO continued to provide “martyr payments” to the families of Palestinians killed during terrorist acts, as well as stipends to Palestinians in Israeli prisons, including those convicted of acts of terrorism. Authorities arraigned one of those arrested in May on a charge of manslaughter; at year’s end, he remained under house arrest awaiting trial. While an early lockdown helped to contain the spread of the virus (to dozens of new infections per day), a second wave in late June saw infection levels rise. Israel facilitated visits by clergy, including bishops from non-Arab countries, to Gaza on multiple occasions. On February 10, on social media, Fatah Central Committee Secretary Jibril Rajoub protested a conference on peace and security in the Middle East by describing the meeting as part of “a plan to carry out a ‘holocaust’ against this [Palestinian] cause.” Media reported that Fatah preemptively restricted access to its official Facebook page in September so it could only be viewed by those expressly invited due to concerns that the site would be shut down because of its content. During periods of heightened tension in the West Bank, protestors have targeted cars and buses with stone throwing, improvised incendiary devices, small arms fire, barricades, and burning tires. Israel occupied the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem in the 1967 Middle East war. In June and October, unknown persons also threw explosive devices at Rachel’s Tomb from the West Bank. The pipeline of World Bank grants that is supporting the economy’s recovery phase includes operations in digital development for resiliency, support to essential municipal services, and help to the private sector to support small businesses and job retention. It added that IAA researchers “have greatly intensified their research on ‘non-Jewish’ periods in the history of the land of Israel, [including] the Prehistoric, Early Bronze, Byzantine, Muslim, Mamluk and Ottoman periods.” Some NGOs monitoring archaeological practices in the West Bank continued to state the IAA exploited archaeological finds to bolster Jewish claims, while overlooking other historically significant archaeological finds involving other religions or the needs of Palestinian residents at these sites. Under the Israeli Antiquities Law, excavations within a sacred site require the approval of a ministerial committee, which includes the ministers of culture, justice, and religious affairs. These churches may not proselytize. The Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom and other senior officials advocated with Israeli authorities to issue permits for Gazans to travel to Jerusalem and the West Bank for religious reasons. During the first six months of the year, in the West Bank, Israeli police investigated 31 allegations of what the MOJ described as involving “ideologically-based” offenses by Israelis, 21 of which involved “nationalistic-based” and public order offenses against Palestinians and others (e.g., the police or IDF) and 87 such allegations involving Palestinian offenses. U.S. government representatives, including the Administrator for the U.S. Agency for International Development, met with representatives of a range of religious groups from Jerusalem, the West Bank, and when possible, the Gaza Strip. Palestinian authorities arrested the defendant in 2018 for his involvement in the sale of a property in Jerusalem’s Muslim Quarter owned by Adeeb Joudeh al-Husseini, the representative of a Muslim family historically entrusted with safeguarding the key to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The World Bank’s engagement in the Palestinian territories began in November 1992. Rachel’s Tomb, a Bethlehem shrine of religious significance to Jews, Christians, and Muslims under Israeli jurisdiction in Area C, remained separated from the West Bank by the security barrier built during the Second Intifada, and Palestinians could only access it if Israeli authorities permitted them to cross the barrier. The compo-nents of water security in West Bank and Gaza are marginalized and weak. According to polling information released in November by Arab Barometer, an international research consortium, “relatively few Palestinians favor a role for religion in politics.” Approximately three quarters (73 percent) of Palestinians (74 percent in the West Bank and 73 percent in Gaza) said they agreed or strongly agreed that religious leaders should not interfere in voters decisions in elections.” The survey stated, “A considerable proportion (53 percent overall; 49 percent in the West Bank and 59 percent in Gaza) think that laws in Palestine should be either mostly or entirely based on the sharia.” Most Palestinians (45 percent in the West Bank and 51 percent in Gaza) said they believed that the most essential aspect of a government that applies sharia is a system without corruption, and 32 percent of respondents in both the West Bank and Gaza said that a government implementing sharia is one that provides basic services such as health facilities, schools, garbage collection, and road maintenance. On August 8, an Israeli soldier in a religious studies program was abducted and killed while returning to his yeshiva in the West Bank settlement of Ofra. Exercise increased caution in the West Bank due to terrorism and civil unrest. For Muslims, sharia determines personal status law, while various ecclesiastical courts rule on personal status matters for Christians. The government said the closure was done to prevent confrontations. Although the PA removed the religious affiliation category from Palestinian identity cards issued in 2014, older identity cards continue to circulate, listing the holder as either Muslim or Christian. The UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination released a report in August 2019 that expressed concern for the first time about “hate speech in certain media outlets, especially those controlled by Hamas, social media, public officials’ statements, and school curricula and textbooks, which fuels hatred and may incite violence, particularly hate speech against Israelis, which at times also fuels anti-Semitism.” In his September UN General Assembly (UNGA) remarks, President Abbas said, “We… reaffirm our condemnation of terrorism in all its forms….” However, he concluded, “We salute our honorable martyrs, courageous prisoners and wounded heroes, and salute their resilient families whom we will not [abandon].” Senior Israeli and Palestinian leaders condemned violent acts, including property crimes, by Jewish individuals and groups against Palestinians. By the end of August, new infections had reached 500 per day. Because religion and ethnicity or nationality are often closely linked, it was difficult to categorize many incidents as being solely based on religious identity. 36/ Paul Quiring, Director of the Mennonite Relief Agency. Political and religious groups in the West Bank and Gaza continued to call on members to “defend” Al-Aqsa Mosque. The report concluded: “These results suggest that people conceptualize sharia based on instrumentalist characteristics, improving public services and preventing misappropriation of sources.”. 2. In what could be his first move as president, Joe Biden changed the Twitter title from the U.S. Do not travel to Gaza due to COVID-19, terrorism, civil unrest, and armed conflict. World Bank's Multidimensional Poverty Measure. Couples who challenged this societal norm, particularly Palestinian Christians or Muslims who sought to marry Jews, encountered considerable societal and family opposition. The World Bank Group works in every major area of development. We provide a wide array of financial products and technical assistance, and we help countries share and apply innovative knowledge and solutions to the challenges they face. So we say to them: Every stone you [used] to build on our land and every house you have built on our land is bound to be destroyed, Allah willing…No matter how many houses and how many settlements they declare that they [plan to build] here and there – they shall all be destroyed, Allah willing.”. On two occasions, Israeli security forces prevented attempts to detonate explosive devices when Jewish worshipers visited the Tomb. They also continued to provide separate stipends to Palestinians in Israeli prisons, including those convicted of acts of terrorism. In 2019 UNOCHA reported 175 attacks by Palestinians against Israelis in the West Bank, with 34 Israeli injuries. This supports the coordination of aid and, also, analytical work on energy, education, and private sector development. According to the U.S. government and other sources, Palestinian residents of these territories are predominantly Sunni Muslims, with small Shia and Ahmadi Muslim communities. The U.S. government has provided assistance to Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza to promote Middle East peace since 1993, in part through programs administered by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and funded by the Economic Support Fund (ESF). Quite aside from ethical considerations, a serious coronavirus outbreak in the West Bank could spread into Israel and thwart its efforts to reach herd immunity, given the close ties between the two populations. Christians also criticized the PA for failing to better protect their communities and way of life, which was under pressure from lack of economic opportunities and other drivers of emigration. On July 10, Israeli authorities arrested four individuals suspected of planning to plant an explosive device at Joseph’s Tomb prior to the arrival of 1,200 Jewish worshippers. Box 576, Gaza City Temporary and unofficial address: 5 George Adam Smith, P.O.Box 22207, Jerusalem There was also harassment by members of one religious group of another, social pressure to stay within one’s religious group, and anti-Semitic content in media. Through the Bank’s support in the area of education-to-work transition, about 11,000 students (nearly 2,500 in the last year alone), 46 percent of them women, have completed work practice and job placement programs that provide real-life experience to graduates of Teacher Education Institutions. In West Bank and Gaza we focus on supporting the private sector competitiveness and innovation, increasing access to finance for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and fostering a sustainable supply of energy. It is a landlocked territory, bordered by Jordan to the east and Israel to the south, west and north. Protests in Gaza ahead of, and turbulence since, the Nakba day and relocation of the United States’ embassy to Jerusalem in mid-May, mark IDF officials said requirements to coordinate Jewish visits to Joseph’s Tomb were necessary to ensure Jewish Israelis’ safety. As the PA’s fiscal situation worsened, Israel and the PA eventually reached an agreement on October 5 for the PA to accept most of the taxes Israel collected on the PA’s behalf. If they want, they themselves can leave. Hamas, PIJ, and other militant and terrorist groups continued to be active in Gaza. Find out what the Bank Group's branches are doing in West Bank and Gaza. The PA released in January an individual holding a Jerusalem identification card whom Palestinian courts had found guilty of participating in the sale of land in Jerusalem to Israelis, and who had been sentenced to life in prison with hard labor. 2.2366571 c. 970.599.671573 labdeen@worldbank.org may 2011 An interim Basic Law applies in the areas under PA jurisdiction. And if the coronavirus causes a humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza, Israel will have trouble claiming its hands are clean. World Bank's Multidimensional Poverty Measure. The PA, however, continued to refuse to recognize personal status legal documents (e.g., marriage certificates) issued by some of these unrecognized churches, which the groups said made it difficult for them to register newborn children under their fathers’ names or as children of married couples. Tel Shiloh is identified with the site of ancient Jewish worship before the construction of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. 1978 The PA and the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) continued to provide “martyr payments” to the families of Palestinians killed while engaged in violence, including killings against Israeli Jews. The Human Capital Index (HCI) database provides data at the country level for each of the components of the Human Capital Index as well as for the overall index, disaggregated by gender. Palestinians living in Gaza and the West Bank are disproportionately affected by the pandemic with a total infection rate of about 40 percent compared to Israel’s 6.2 percent. On April 25, a clash occurred in the majority Christian West Bank town of Jifna, near Ramallah, between town residents and armed persons media reported were affiliated with a faction of the Fatah political party.
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